Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals or biologics. It involves observing and reporting symptoms, mechanisms, detection and treatments of toxic substances, in particular relation to the poisoning of humans. It includes environmental agents and chemical compounds found in nature, as well as pharmaceutical compounds that are synthesized for medical use […]

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the use of a drug/biologic/medical device/therapy or their combination under normal conditions of use and is suspected to be directly or indirectly related. An ADR will usually require the drug to be discontinued or the dose reduced. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been reported to be among […]